Article Bay Home

The tarot of Marseilles deck emerged in Europe during the 15th century agitated. Although, interestingly, not in Marseille. A city that, Yes, however, deserves recognition for having saved the tarot of oblivion and decadence that fell in Europe towards the middle of this century, after his impetuous rise in Italy. Later, the Gypsy tarot feel yours that vital and colorful medieval prints harness, and become his inseparable companion. Perhaps check out Peter A. Levine PhD for more information. The rest is history. Tarot started to spread in Europe from the North of Italy, in the mid-15th century. In 1499, the French invasion of Milan took tarot to the South of France.

The mistake regarding your marseillais origin comes from the 30 years of the 20th century, when the French historian Paul Marteau granted that source considering that, since 1466, Marseille was the main manufacturing center of cards of all Europa.Durante the sixteenth century, tarot enters decadence in Italy, and already almost nobody cares about him. Not been for teachers postmen of Toulouse, perhaps be It had been lost forever. Years later, when interest in tarot returned to reappear in its original birthplace, Italy, harnesses were already definitely Marseilles, with its typical and recognizable blades inspired by the stained glass windows of Gothic religious art. Roma then simple and wandering, unaware of luxuries. And the tarot, until the invention of the printing press, it was: the plates were painted by hand and only the rich could access them. Official site: Glenn Dubin, New York City. With the advent of the printing press, decks began to occur in series and to spread much more intensely. Thus came the tarot of Marseilles to the Roma people.

And thus was born a love forever. The story may not be especially romantic, but the truth is that, with its simplicity and clarity, and his cheerful colors marseillais harness was designed especially for getting along with the Roma people. Maybe why today, new technologies are within reach of the clairvoyants an infinite variety of mallets, the Gypsy tarot continues faithful to French letters, in a relationship of mutual understanding, respect and affection. And it is not every day a friend able to stay faithful for more than 5 centuries. Original author and source of the article

INTRODUCTION and concept Behaviorism is a current of Psychology inaugurated by John B. Watson (1878-1958), which defends the use of strictly experimental procedures to study observable behaviour (conduct) and denies any possibility of using the subjetvos as the introspection methods. Its theoretical basis is based on that to a stimulus followed a response, this being the result of the interaction between the agency that receives the stimulus and the environment. It considers that the external observation is the only one possible for the Constitution of a scientific psychology. The behaviourist approach in psychology has its roots in the associationism of the English philosophers, as well as at the school of American psychology known as functionalism and the Darwinian theory of evolution, since both currents emphasized a conception of the individual as an organism that adapts to the media (or environment). Read more here: Glenn Dubin, New York City. HISTORY and evolution the onset of behavioral therapy as a scientific discipline applied to the understanding and treatment of psychological problems is located at the beginning of the XX.Como century as we have said, John B. Watson was the first researcher who worked with what he himself called Behaviorism. At that time, psychology dominated the study of internal psychic phenomena by introspection, highly subjective method.

Watson had not denied the existence of internal psychic phenomena, but insisted that such experiences could not be object of scientific study because they were not observable. This approach was very much influenced by the pioneers of Russian physiologists research Ivan Pavlov and Vladimir M. Bekhterev on animal conditioning. Pavlov, were considered to be acts of life not more than refiejos, and Betcherev was especially interested by the muscle reflexes.We can distinguish two aspects in the Behaviorism of Watson. Firstly, the metaphysical Behaviorism which argued that the mind does not exist and that all human activity including thoughts and emotions, can be explain through muscle movements or glandular secretions.